Isolated sphenoid sinusitis complicated by meningitis and multiple cerebral infarctions in a renal transplant recipient.

Infection was amongst the most feared complications of renal transplantation in the early era of this technique. Serious infection developed in up to 70% of renal transplant recipients, and a subsequent fatal outcome occurred in as many as between 11 and 40% [1]. Improved surgical techniques, more targeted immunosuppression and prophylactic antimicrobial agent use have led to a dramatic reduction in these rates. Nevertheless, infection remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality at all stages of the posttransplant period [1]. Infections in this population are often unconventional and opportunistic, and therefore active surveillance for infection remains a cornerstone of management. We report a case in which isolated sphenoid sinusitis in a renal transplant recipient led to multiple complications and an ultimately fatal outcome.